Monitoring the Process Mean of Autocorrelated Data

When modeling the stochastic behavior of a sequence { } t X of the quality measurement X on the output of a production process, it is usually assumed the measurements taken over time are independent and identically distributed. Multiple authors have pointed out that significant autocorrelation can affect the performance of traditional control charting procedures. One family of models for time series data are the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. These models are well suited to model production processes, in which the observations are autocorrelated. It is our interest to examine these models. Meaning is given to the process being in-control and out-of-control in terms of the parameters of the model. The performance of the Shewhart X chart and CUSUM X chart are compared. This includes determining the number of unobserved values between samples for the charts to perform as they would be expected if the samples were independent. Some recommendations are given

Drug Injury Advertising

Drug injury advertising, which solicits consumers for lawsuits against drug and medical device manufacturers, is a $114 million business. Yet little is known about how consumers respond to the medical information contained in these ads. This study applies insights from the field of marketing to the drug injury advertising context, and further tests those insights through two experiments. Results suggest that some consumers are deceived by drug injury ads, and that some types of advertising are more deceptive than others. We also find that deceptive drug injury ads have a stronger influence on consumer risk perceptions and behavioral intentions, such as intentions to use the medication or seek additional information

Data Display, Acquisition and Feedback System for Biomedical Experiments

Biomedical signals have various research applications in prosthetic limb development and other control applications. Consequently, a workstation that can be used to conduct biomedical experiments using EMG and other similar signals can be beneficial to the continuation of research in this growing field. We have investigated the possibility of creating a PC-based workstation to conduct these experiments using National Instrument’s LabVIEW. Our work suggests that such a system can not be used with experiments that require hard real-time control

How to Choose? A Bioeconomic Model for Optimizing River Barrier Mitigation Actions

River infrastructure can cause adverse impacts on fish populations, which, in turn, compromises the ability of river ecosystems to provide a range of ecosystem services. In this paper, we present a methodological approach to assess the potential economics costs and benefits of river connectivity enhancement achieved through removal and mitigation of fish dispersal barriers. Our approach combines the results of a stated preference study for nonuse values of rivers and statistical models of fish population responses to barrier mitigation actions within an integrated bioeconomic optimization framework. We demonstrate the utility of our methodology using a case study of the River Wey catchment in southeast England, which contains over 650 artificial barriers. Our results reveal the presence of benefit-cost trade-offs which can form the basis for river barrier mitigation policy development. In particular, we find that benefits exceed costs in the River Wey for all levels of investment in barrier mitigation considered (£2.5 to 53.4M). Furthermore, from an economic efficiency standpoint, a total budget of approximately £22.5M allocated to barrier mitigation would maximize net societal benefits derived from anticipated increases fish species richness and abundance

Isolation, Purification, and Genomic Analysis of the Novel Bacteriophage Kradal

From the Washington University Office of Undergraduate Research Digest (WUURD), Vol. 13, 05-01-2018. Published by the Office of Undergraduate Research. Joy Zalis Kiefer, Director of Undergraduate Research and Associate Dean in the College of Arts & Sciences; Lindsey Paunovich, Editor; Helen Human, Programs Manager and Assistant Dean in the College of Arts and Sciences Mentor(s): Chris Schaffe

Establishing and Evaluating Climate Change Heuristics of Multi-Actor Professional Leadership in the New York Metropolitan Region

This article sets out to evaluate the existing range of heuristics and preferences for the concepts of adaptation, resilience, mitigation and coping of a variety of actors in the metropolitan region of New York City who are undertaking professional leadership positions in developing policies and practices which address a multitude of risks associated with climate change. Prior interviews and observations have suggested that the inconsistent usage of these concepts—including, the rhetorical application of resilience as a leading framework—are thwarting the development of planning instruments and decision tools. This article positions a normative set of meanings for each of the aforementioned concepts based on a review of existing literature. Then, utilizing a survey, these normative meanings are evaluated by and between the: (i) concepts and meanings; (ii) concepts and applications; and, (iii) applications and preferences, as applied to various risk based scenarios ranging from sea level rise to heat waves. This survey tests the hypotheses that the respondents: (a) are unable to consistently match the concept of resiliency with the normative meanings or applications: and, (b) will not consistently show a preference for resilience applications or outcomes ahead of other concepts. The results of the survey confirm both hypotheses, which is demonstrative of the inadequacy of the current framework dominated by resilience in its rhetorical form. It is anticipated that the results of this article will advance an argument for the necessity to develop consistent meanings for concepts which bridge the scientific, policy and popular domains

The Affect Heuristic In Early Judgments of Product Innovations

34 pagesAccording to the affect heuristic, people often rely upon their overall affective impression of a target to form judgments of risk. However, innovation research has largely characterized risk perception as a function of what the consumer knows rather than how they feel. In three studies, this research investigates the use of the affect heuristic in consumer judgments of product innovations. The findings indicate that judgments of risks and benefits associated with product innovations are inversely related and affectively congruent with evaluations of those innovations. Additionally, more affectively extreme evaluations are associated with increasingly disparate judgments of risk and benefit. This research contributes to our theoretical understanding of both consumers’ evaluations of innovations and the affect heuristic. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.2016-09-1